Getting married through the court in India is a legal and straightforward process. It is recognized under the Special Marriage Act, 1954, which allows any two adults—regardless of religion, caste, or nationality—to marry legally.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you understand the process clearly.
What Is a Court Marriage?
A court marriage is a legal marriage performed in front of a Marriage Officer. It does not require religious rituals or ceremonies. It is especially useful for:
- Inter-caste couples
- Inter-religious couples
- Couples who prefer a simple, lawful marriage
Eligibility for Court Marriage
Before applying, both partners must meet the following conditions:
- Bride must be at least 18 years old
- Groom must be at least 21 years old
- Both must be unmarried (or legally divorced/widowed)
- Both should be mentally sound
- Both must give free consent
- Partners must not be closely related as per prohibited degrees (unless allowed by custom)
Documents Required
1. Identity Proof (any one)
- Aadhaar card
- Passport
- Voter ID
- Driving license
2. Address Proof
- Ration card
- Utility bill
- Rent agreement
- Passport
3. Photographs
- Passport-size photos of both partners
4. Date of Birth Proof
- Birth certificate
- School leaving certificate
- Passport
5. Affidavits
Affidavits stating:
- Marital status
- Date of birth
- Nationality
6. Witness Documents
Each witness must provide:
- ID proof
- Address proof
- Photographs
7. Divorce or Death Certificate
(Only if previously married)
Step-by-Step Process for Court Marriage
Step 1: Submit Marriage Notice
Both partners must visit the office of the Marriage Officer in the district where:
- Either partner has lived for 30 days or more before filing the application.
You must fill the Notice of Intended Marriage (Form I).
Step 2: Publication of Notice
The Marriage Officer will publish the notice for 30 days.
During this period, any person can raise an objection, but only on valid legal grounds.
Step 3: No Objection Certificate
If there is no valid objection within 30 days, the officer issues permission to proceed.
If objections are raised, the Marriage Officer will investigate them.
Step 4: Date of Marriage
After the 30-day notice period, the couple must appear before the Marriage Officer along with three witnesses.
All parties must sign a declaration in the Marriage Office.
Step 5: Marriage Ceremony
A simple marriage ceremony is performed in front of the Marriage Officer and witnesses.
No religious rituals are required.
Step 6: Marriage Certificate
The final and most important step is receiving the Marriage Certificate.
This certificate is:
- Legal proof of marriage
- Accepted in all government offices
- Required for visas, passports, and legal documentation
The certificate is signed by:
- Marriage Officer
- Bride and groom
- Three witnesses
Who Can Be a Witness?
Any person who:
- Is above 18 years old
- Has a valid ID proof
- Is present at the time of marriage
Fees for Court Marriage
Fees vary by state but are usually between:
- ₹500 – ₹1500 (approx.)
Extra charges apply for affidavits and document preparation.
Advantages of Court Marriage
- Simple and cost-effective
- Legally strong and recognized worldwide
- No religious ceremonies needed
- Suitable for interfaith or inter-caste couples
- Provides government protection and documentation
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How long does a court marriage take?
Minimum 30 days, because of the mandatory notice period.
2. Can we skip the 30-day notice?
No. The Special Marriage Act requires it.
3. Are parents’ consent needed?
No. Only the consent of the bride and groom matters.
4. Can foreigners marry in India through court marriage?
Yes, if the foreign partner lives in India for at least 30 days before applying.
5. Is a court marriage legally valid?
Yes. It is fully valid and recognized across India and abroad.
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